News - 25 Jan `24Association Between Vitiligo Onset and COVID Vaccination

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A recent study, published in Cureus, investigates the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of vitiligo, including a case study and a systematic literature review.

Vitiligo, typically a sporadic condition influenced by genetic and autoimmune factors, may also be triggered by viral infections. This study particularly examines the role of COVID-19 vaccinations. It documents a significant case of a 62-year-old woman developing vitiligo shortly after receiving her first Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with symptoms worsening post the second dose. Despite various treatments, only minor improvement was noted, suggesting a possible link between the vaccine and vitiligo onset.

In the systematic review, researchers analyzed data from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. They identified 17 cases of vitiligo post-COVID-19 vaccination or infection. The majority were post-vaccination instances, with varied presentations and locations of depigmentation.

The study explores the pathogenesis of vitiligo, highlighting the potential role of vaccine-induced inflammatory responses in triggering this skin condition. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, for instance, is known to upregulate certain cytokines that may contribute to melanocyte destruction.

Additionally, the research discusses new autoimmune diseases emerging post-COVID-19 vaccination, including lichen planus and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Molecular mimicry is proposed as a possible mechanism for these vaccine-induced autoimmune responses.

While vitiligo following COVID-19 vaccination is rare, the temporal association observed warrants careful consideration and further investigation. Healthcare professionals should be mindful of the possibility of skin diseases post-vaccination, balancing these risks against the significant benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing severe disease.

Continued research is necessary to confirm any causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and vitiligo. Medical practitioners should remain vigilant in monitoring and managing such cases, emphasizing the critical role of COVID-19 vaccination in public health.

Reference: Kasmikha LC, et al. "Vitiligo following COVID-19 vaccination and primary infection: a case report and systematic review." Cureus. 2023;15(9):e45546. doi:10.7759/cureus.45546

Source: Dermatology Times